What Are The Types Of Abrasive?

 

An abrasive is a tool used to shape or finish a work piece through friction. It can be used to smooth away the rough edges of a freshly cut piece of metal or to polish pieces like jewellery or wood to achieve a silky, smooth, and shiny surface.

An abrasive is usually a type of ceramic material that is harder than the work piece it is being used to cut, grind, and polish. Because of this difference in hardness level, it takes only a small amount of pressure for an abrasive to remove material from the softer work piece.

Abrasive tools are widely used in industrial settings to cut, shape, and polish materials like steel and other industrial products. They are also frequently used in domestic settings to clean surfaces and make them shine.

How do abrasives work?

Abrasion is the process of scratching a material's surface with a stronger and harder material. According to the Mohs scale, only materials that are harder than the work piece can be used as abrasives. Abrasives have hardness values on the scale ranging from 6 to 10, and they are used to smooth, polish, clean, or reduce other less hard materials.

Abrasives penetrate the work material during abrasion, causing surface tearing. The ease with which the abrasive tears the surface of the abraded material is determined by several factors, including both materials' strength, toughness, and hardness. Another critical factor is the abrasion resistance of the work material.

There are four types of abrasive:

Natural Abrasives:

Natural abrasives are often used as loose grits for hand-operated grinding. They are also used as minerals in bonded abrasive wheels and coated abrasive products. For these applications, natural abrasives are usually available in standard sizes.

Synthetic Abrasives:                                                                       

These are often formed by melting or sintering a purified mineral such as alumina, quartz, or flint, with the resulting material being crushed and sized to form a grain. Such grains may be combined with other materials to produce an abrasive product for use in grinding or polishing operations.

Bonded Abrasives:

These abrasives are composed of an abrasive material that is contained within the matrix. In order to use this type of abrasive, it is necessary to use a bonding agent that is normally made from clay, resin, or rubber. The main advantages of using bonded abrasives are that they are very cheap and offer durable bond strength. They come in several shapes and sizes, which makes them suitable for different applications.

Coated Abrasive:

A coated abrasive consists of a backing material like paper, cloth, or even film coated with an abrasive. The backing may be flexible or rigid and is usually rated by grit size. Coated abrasives are used for applications ranging from grinding to polishing. They are available in individual sheets, discs, and belts.                                                                                                                                                   

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